NAD+

  • NAD+ plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism by facilitating the transfer of electrons in redox reactions. It serves as a coenzyme for enzymes involved in energy production (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation) and is vital for ATP generation. NAD+ also activates sirtuins, which regulate gene expression and promote longevity. Additionally, it supports DNA repair by activating PARP enzymes and reduces oxidative stress by modulating antioxidant responses.

    • Enhances mitochondrial function and increases cellular energy production.

    • Promotes DNA repair by activating PARP (Poly ADP-ribose polymerase) enzymes.

    • Improves cognitive function and memory by supporting brain cell health.

    • Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation.

    • Supports healthy aging and increases longevity.

    • Enhances muscle function and reduces fatigue.

    • Regulates circadian rhythms, improving sleep and energy levels.

    • Improves cardiovascular health by reducing arterial stiffness and blood pressure.

    • Promotes skin health by enhancing collagen production and reducing wrinkles.

    • Supports metabolic health by improving insulin sensitivity and fat metabolism.

    • Aging and Longevity: Supports healthy aging and increases lifespan.

    • Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Improves mitochondrial function in conditions like chronic fatigue syndrome.

    • Cognitive Decline: Enhances cognitive function in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s.

    • Metabolic Syndrome: Improves insulin sensitivity and reduces visceral fat.

    • Muscle Fatigue: Reduces muscle fatigue and improves endurance.

    • Cardiovascular Disease: Supports heart health by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

    • Diabetes: Improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

    • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Enhances cellular energy production, reducing fatigue.

    • Skin Aging: Improves skin elasticity and reduces signs of aging.

    • Neurodegenerative Diseases: Provides neuroprotection and supports brain health in conditions like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.

    • Verdin, E. (2015). NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science, 350(6265), 1208-1213.

    • Imai, S. I., & Guarente, L. (2016). NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease. Trends in Cell Biology, 26(8), 607-617.

    • Katsyuba, E., & Auwerx, J. (2017). NAD+ supplementation and its role in mitochondrial and metabolic health. Nature Metabolism, 1(2), 194-209.

    • Sinclair, D. A., & LaPlante, M. D. (2020). NAD+ in cellular aging and disease. Annual Review of Medicine, 71, 355-370.

    • Yao, Z., & Carmean, C. M. (2020). The effect of NMN and NAD+ on mitochondrial health and longevity. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12, 150.