NMN
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      NMN is a precursor to NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a coenzyme critical for cellular energy production, DNA repair, and maintaining cellular metabolism. NMN is rapidly converted into NAD+ in the body, which supports mitochondrial function, activates sirtuins (proteins involved in longevity), and promotes DNA repair through PARP (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase) activation. It also reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, improving metabolic function and extending cell health and lifespan. 
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      - Enhances mitochondrial function, increasing ATP production and energy levels. 
- Promotes DNA repair and reduces cellular damage, supporting longevity. 
- Improves insulin sensitivity, helping manage glucose metabolism in diabetes. 
- Increases NAD+ levels, enhancing sirtuin activity and supporting healthy aging. 
- Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, improving metabolic health. 
- Enhances cognitive function and provides neuroprotection in aging brains. 
- Supports cardiovascular health by improving endothelial function and reducing arterial stiffness. 
- Promotes muscle function and endurance by improving mitochondrial efficiency. 
- Enhances skin health by promoting collagen synthesis and reducing wrinkles. 
- Helps reduce visceral fat and improve body composition, supporting weight loss and metabolic health. 
 
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      - Aging and Longevity: To slow cellular aging and promote healthy lifespan by increasing NAD+ levels. 
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction: To enhance mitochondrial function in conditions like chronic fatigue syndrome. 
- Cognitive Decline: To improve cognitive function and slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. 
- Metabolic Syndrome: To improve insulin sensitivity, reduce visceral fat, and support metabolic health. 
- Cardiovascular Health: To reduce arterial stiffness, lower blood pressure, and improve endothelial function. 
- Type 2 Diabetes: To improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in diabetic patients. 
- Neurodegenerative Diseases: To support brain function and reduce oxidative stress in conditions like Alzheimer’s, ALS, and Parkinson’s. 
- Muscle Fatigue: To reduce muscle fatigue and improve endurance in aging populations. 
- Skin Health: To reduce signs of aging and improve skin elasticity by promoting collagen synthesis. 
- Obesity: To promote fat loss and improve overall metabolic health. 
 
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      - Yoshino, J., & Imai, S. I. (2018). NMN, a key NAD+ intermediate, improves metabolic health and longevity. Cell Metabolism, 27(4), 1004-1017. 
- Mills, K. F., & Sinclair, D. A. (2019). NMN and its role in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(4), 225-236. 
- Yao, Z., & Carmean, C. M. (2020). The effect of NMN on muscle and metabolic health. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12, 150. 
- Uddin, G. M., & Youngson, N. A. (2020). NMN and neuroprotection: Mechanisms of action. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 98(9), 1696-1709. 
- Bieganowski, P., & Brenner, C. (2021). NAD+ precursors and their role in mitochondrial health. Annual Review of Medicine, 72, 279-299. 
 
 
                        